One of the key factors shaping performance in aquaculture is the correct management of seasonal feeding strategies. Water temperatures are high during summer, fluctuate in autumn, and remain low in winter; these shifts directly affect fish metabolism, appetite, and growth rates. Therefore, feed formulations must be adapted to the changing seasons. Seasonal feed transition is a critical approach to maintaining production efficiency and supporting fish health.
Why is seasonal transition necessary?
Every fish species performs optimally within a specific temperature range. In summer, higher metabolism increases the energy requirement of fish. However, as autumn approaches and temperatures begin to drop, metabolic rates slow down. Continuing to use summer feeds during this period may cause unnecessary energy loading and reduced growth efficiency. Thus, feed formulations must be reorganized according to the decline in temperature.
Summer → Autumn period: Rebalancing energy–protein levels
High-energy feeds used during summer should transition into a more balanced formulation in autumn. The goal is to maintain stable growth performance while adapting to changes in metabolism. Digestible protein levels are preserved, while lipid levels are optimized according to autumn temperature conditions.
Autumn → Winter transition: Why is higher digestibility needed?
As water temperatures drop in winter, intestinal transit time increases and digestive capacity naturally decreases. Therefore, winter formulations incorporate highly digestible raw materials. This ensures that fish can obtain the required nutrients and energy with minimal effort, even during low-appetite periods.
How should feed transition be planned?
A controlled adaptation is essential for a successful transition. Key steps include:
- The transition period should last 5–10 days and progress gradually.
- Start with 75% old feed and 25% new feed.
- Adjust the ratio daily until the new formulation is fully implemented.
- Appetite and feeding amounts should be monitored daily.
- If temperature fluctuations are severe, transition should be extended over a longer period.
Key characteristics of winter formulations
Winter feeds offer high digestibility and an optimized energy–protein balance. Vitamin and mineral supplementation is increased to support immune function. This helps fish become more resilient to low-temperature stress.
Risks of incorrect or rapid transition
- Loss of appetite
- Feed waste
- Decline in water quality
- Lower growth performance
- Increased FCR
- Digestive issues and stress
Unifeed’s approach
Unifeed supports producers with scientifically developed formulations and transition plans tailored to temperature changes. Our R&D-tested feeds are optimized for varying seasonal conditions and offer high digestibility. This ensures consistent growth and production efficiency even during seasonal fluctuations.
